diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayGet.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayGet.java
index d8c4c7f88b..cef34fdb8b 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayGet.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayGet.java
@@ -114,7 +114,11 @@ implements
 
 
             case HSQLDB:
-                ctx.visit(when(cardinality(array).ge(index), new Standard()));
+                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(ctx.data(DATA_STORE_ASSIGNMENT)))
+                    ctx.visit(new Standard());
+                else
+                    ctx.visit(when(cardinality(array).ge(index), new Standard()));
+
                 break;
 
             default:
@@ -131,7 +135,15 @@ implements
 
         @Override
         public void accept(Context<?> ctx) {
-            ctx.sql('(').visit(array).sql(')').sql('[').visit(index).sql(']');
+
+            // [#13808] When using an array element reference as a store assignment
+            //          target, the parentheses must not be rendered
+            if (array instanceof TableField || Boolean.TRUE.equals(ctx.data(DATA_STORE_ASSIGNMENT)))
+                ctx.visit(array).sql('[').visit(index).sql(']');
+
+            // [#12480] For expressions the parens might be required
+            else
+                ctx.sql('(').visit(array).sql(')').sql('[').visit(index).sql(']');
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/FieldMapForUpdate.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/FieldMapForUpdate.java
index ded130ae8c..809367ca1c 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/FieldMapForUpdate.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/FieldMapForUpdate.java
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.flattenEntrySet;
 import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.map;
 import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.row0;
 import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.unqualified;
-import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.visitSubquery;
 import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.BooleanDataKey.DATA_FORCE_LIMIT_WITH_ORDER_BY;
+import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.BooleanDataKey.DATA_STORE_ASSIGNMENT;
 import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.SimpleDataKey.DATA_ON_DUPLICATE_KEY_WHERE;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ import org.jooq.FieldOrRow;
 import org.jooq.FieldOrRowOrSelect;
 import org.jooq.GeneratorStatementType;
 // ...
+import org.jooq.QueryPart;
 import org.jooq.RenderContext.CastMode;
 import org.jooq.Row;
 import org.jooq.SQLDialect;
@@ -268,9 +269,7 @@ final class FieldMapForUpdate extends AbstractQueryPartMap<FieldOrRow, FieldOrRo
 
                 // [#10523] Simplify special case
                 if (size == 1) {
-                    ctx.qualify(false, c -> c.visit(row.field(0)))
-                       .sql(" = ");
-
+                    acceptStoreAssignment(ctx, false, row.field(0));
                     visitSubquery(ctx, select);
                 }
                 else {
@@ -287,9 +286,7 @@ final class FieldMapForUpdate extends AbstractQueryPartMap<FieldOrRow, FieldOrRo
             }
             else {
                 Row row = removeReadonly(ctx, multiRow);
-
-                ctx.qualify(false, c -> c.visit(row))
-                   .sql(" = ");
+                acceptStoreAssignment(ctx, false, row);
 
                 if (multiValue != null) {
 
@@ -325,8 +322,7 @@ final class FieldMapForUpdate extends AbstractQueryPartMap<FieldOrRow, FieldOrRo
 
         // A regular (non-multi-row) update was specified
         else {
-            ctx.qualify(supportsQualify, c -> c.visit(key))
-               .sql(" = ");
+            acceptStoreAssignment(ctx, supportsQualify, key);
 
             // [#8479] Emulate WHERE clause using CASE
             Condition condition = (Condition) ctx.data(DATA_ON_DUPLICATE_KEY_WHERE);
@@ -346,6 +342,11 @@ final class FieldMapForUpdate extends AbstractQueryPartMap<FieldOrRow, FieldOrRo
         return ",";
     }
 
+    private static final void acceptStoreAssignment(Context<?> ctx, boolean qualify, QueryPart target) {
+        ctx.qualify(qualify, c1 -> c1.data(DATA_STORE_ASSIGNMENT, true, c2 -> c2.visit(target)))
+           .sql(" = ");
+    }
+
     private static final void visitSubquery(Context<?> ctx, Select<?> select) {
 
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java
index 44c11a76cb..f3a55adf88 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java
@@ -636,6 +636,12 @@ final class Tools {
          */
         DATA_PARSE_ON_CONFLICT,
 
+        /**
+         * [#13808] We're in a store assignment context (e.g.
+         * <code>UPDATE</code> or assignment statement).
+         */
+        DATA_STORE_ASSIGNMENT,
+
         ;
 
         private final boolean resetInSubqueryScope;