diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/Context.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/Context.java
index aeca6f6191..65f92d31c3 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/Context.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/Context.java
@@ -258,6 +258,17 @@ public interface Context<C extends Context<C>> extends Scope {
     @NotNull
     C derivedTableSubquery(boolean derivedTableSubquery);
 
+    /**
+     * Whether the current context is rendering a set operation subquery.
+     */
+    boolean setOperationSubquery();
+
+    /**
+     * Set the new context value for {@link #setOperationSubquery()}.
+     */
+    @NotNull
+    C setOperationSubquery(boolean setOperationSubquery);
+
     /**
      * Whether the current context is rendering a predicand subquery, i.e. a
      * subquery that is an operand of a predicate.
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AbstractContext.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AbstractContext.java
index e7f53cf950..70e2a7705c 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AbstractContext.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AbstractContext.java
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ abstract class AbstractContext<C extends Context<C>> extends AbstractScope imple
     BitSet                                         subqueryScopedNestedSetOperations;
     boolean                                        predicandSubquery;
     boolean                                        derivedTableSubquery;
+    boolean                                        setOperationSubquery;
     int                                            stringLiteral;
     String                                         stringLiteralEscapedApos    = "'";
     int                                            index;
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ abstract class AbstractContext<C extends Context<C>> extends AbstractScope imple
 
     @Override
     public final C visitSubquery(QueryPart part) {
-        Tools.visitSubquery(this, part, false, false);
+        Tools.visitSubquery(this, part, false, false, false);
         return (C) this;
     }
 
@@ -670,12 +671,25 @@ abstract class AbstractContext<C extends Context<C>> extends AbstractScope imple
         return (C) this;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public final boolean setOperationSubquery() {
+        return setOperationSubquery;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final C setOperationSubquery(boolean s) {
+        setOperationSubquery = s;
+        return (C) this;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public final boolean subquery() {
         return subquery > 0;
     }
 
     final C subquery0(boolean s, boolean setOperation) {
+        setOperationSubquery(setOperation);
+
         if (s) {
             subquery++;
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Alias.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Alias.java
index de88a46bdb..19ed3baacc 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Alias.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Alias.java
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ final class Alias<Q extends QueryPart> extends AbstractQueryPart implements UEmp
                 && (SUPPORT_DERIVED_COLUMN_NAMES_SPECIAL1.contains(dialect))
                 && (wrapped instanceof TableImpl || wrapped instanceof CommonTableExpressionImpl)) {
 
-            visitSubquery(context, select(asterisk()).from(((Table<?>) wrapped).as(alias)), true, false);
+            visitSubquery(context, select(asterisk()).from(((Table<?>) wrapped).as(alias)), true, false, false);
         }
 
         // [#1801] Some databases do not support "derived column names".
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ final class Alias<Q extends QueryPart> extends AbstractQueryPart implements UEmp
                         }
                     }
 
-                    visitSubquery(context, select(fields).where(falseCondition()).unionAll(wrappedAsSelect), true, false);
+                    visitSubquery(context, select(fields).where(falseCondition()).unionAll(wrappedAsSelect), true, false, false);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AliasedSelect.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AliasedSelect.java
index ae1c523fee..9204632d1e 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AliasedSelect.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/AliasedSelect.java
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ final class AliasedSelect<R extends Record> extends AbstractTable<R> implements
         //                  they cannot be referenced. In that case, revert to
         //                  actual derived table usage.
         if (ctx.family() == DERBY && q != null && q.hasUnions())
-            visitSubquery(ctx, selectFrom(query.asTable(DSL.name("t"), aliases)), true, false, false);
+            visitSubquery(ctx, selectFrom(query.asTable(DSL.name("t"), aliases)), true, false, false, false);
         else
-            ctx.data(DATA_SELECT_ALIASES, aliases, subquery ? c -> visitSubquery(c, query, true, false, false) : c -> c.visit(query));
+            ctx.data(DATA_SELECT_ALIASES, aliases, subquery ? c -> visitSubquery(c, query, true, false, false, false) : c -> c.visit(query));
     }
 
     @Override // Avoid AbstractTable implementation
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayQuery.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayQuery.java
index 69a0e5ce62..6faa3e803a 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayQuery.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ArrayQuery.java
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ final class ArrayQuery<T> extends AbstractField<T[]> implements QOM.ArrayQuery<T
 
                 // [#11053] TODO: Move ORDER BY clause from subquery to ARRAY_AGG
                 // See https://github.com/jOOQ/jOOQ/issues/11053#issuecomment-735773248
-                visitSubquery(ctx, DSL.select(arrayAgg(c)).from(t), false, false);
+                visitSubquery(ctx, DSL.select(arrayAgg(c)).from(t), false, false, false);
                 break;
             }
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/CommonTableExpressionImpl.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/CommonTableExpressionImpl.java
index b287be57c3..8520c0dd32 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/CommonTableExpressionImpl.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/CommonTableExpressionImpl.java
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ final class CommonTableExpressionImpl<R extends Record> extends AbstractTable<R>
 
             }
 
-            visitSubquery(ctx, s, true, false);
+            visitSubquery(ctx, s, true, false, false);
 
 
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/DerivedTable.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/DerivedTable.java
index 68d092e8b8..3724321d6d 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/DerivedTable.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/DerivedTable.java
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class DerivedTable<R extends Record> extends AbstractTable<R> implements QOM.Der
 
 
 
-        visitSubquery(ctx, query, true, false, false);
+        visitSubquery(ctx, query, true, false, false, false);
     }
 
     @Override // Avoid AbstractTable implementation
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Exists.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Exists.java
index 62b7c6d2d8..30fd7d0f97 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Exists.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Exists.java
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ implements
 
             default:
                 ctx.visit(K_EXISTS).sql(' ');
-                visitSubquery(ctx, query, false, true);
+                visitSubquery(ctx, query, false, false, true);
                 break;
         }
     }
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/GenerateSeries.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/GenerateSeries.java
index de1b227718..87281b38a6 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/GenerateSeries.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/GenerateSeries.java
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ implements
                     .as(select(from).unionAll(select(iadd(f, step == null ? inline(1) : step)).from(name).where(f.lt(to))))
                     .select(f).from(name),
                 true,
+                false,
                 false
             );
         }
@@ -211,6 +212,8 @@ implements
 
 
 
+
+
 
 
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/JSONTable.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/JSONTable.java
index 4034360285..775c7d00e2 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/JSONTable.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/JSONTable.java
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ implements
                 path
             ),
             true,
+            false,
             false
         );
     }
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Multiset.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Multiset.java
index 44ffb47d2c..5129853339 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Multiset.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Multiset.java
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ final class Multiset<R extends Record> extends AbstractField<Result<R>> implemen
 
 
 
+
                     default: {
                         JSONArrayAggOrderByStep<JSON> order;
                         JSONArrayAggReturningStep<JSON> returning;
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ final class Multiset<R extends Record> extends AbstractField<Result<R>> implemen
                         if (multisetCondition && NO_SUPPORT_JSON_COMPARE.contains(ctx.dialect()))
                             ctx.visit(DSL.field(s).cast(VARCHAR));
                         else
-                            visitSubquery(ctx, s, false, false);
+                            visitSubquery(ctx, s, false, false, false);
 
                         break;
                     }
@@ -221,6 +222,7 @@ final class Multiset<R extends Record> extends AbstractField<Result<R>> implemen
 
 
 
+
                     default: {
                         JSONArrayAggOrderByStep<JSONB> order;
                         JSONArrayAggReturningStep<JSONB> returning;
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ final class Multiset<R extends Record> extends AbstractField<Result<R>> implemen
                         if (multisetCondition && NO_SUPPORT_JSONB_COMPARE.contains(ctx.dialect()))
                             ctx.visit(DSL.field(s).cast(VARCHAR));
                         else
-                            visitSubquery(ctx, s, false, false);
+                            visitSubquery(ctx, s, false, false, false);
 
                         break;
                     }
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ final class Multiset<R extends Record> extends AbstractField<Result<R>> implemen
                         if (multisetCondition && NO_SUPPORT_XML_COMPARE.contains(ctx.dialect()))
                             ctx.visit(xmlserializeContent(DSL.field(s), VARCHAR));
                         else
-                            visitSubquery(ctx, s, false, false);
+                            visitSubquery(ctx, s, false, false, false);
 
                         break;
                     }
@@ -299,7 +301,7 @@ final class Multiset<R extends Record> extends AbstractField<Result<R>> implemen
             }
 
             case NATIVE:
-                visitSubquery(ctx.visit(K_MULTISET), select, false, false);
+                visitSubquery(ctx.visit(K_MULTISET), select, false, false, false);
                 break;
         }
     }
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/QuantifiedSelectImpl.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/QuantifiedSelectImpl.java
index bf9f581da4..85a33e191d 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/QuantifiedSelectImpl.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/QuantifiedSelectImpl.java
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ final class QuantifiedSelectImpl<R extends Record> extends AbstractQueryPart imp
             default:
                 ctx.visit(quantifier.toKeyword());
                 ctx.sql(extraParentheses ? " ((" : " (");
-                visitSubquery(ctx, delegate(ctx.configuration()), false, true, false);
+                visitSubquery(ctx, delegate(ctx.configuration()), false, false, true, false);
                 ctx.sql(extraParentheses ? "))" : ")");
                 break;
         }
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowIsDistinctFrom.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowIsDistinctFrom.java
index 7392cffe1e..0ac56ef958 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowIsDistinctFrom.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowIsDistinctFrom.java
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ final class RowIsDistinctFrom extends AbstractCondition implements UNotYetImplem
             if (rhsRow != null)
                 ctx.visit(rhsRow);
             else
-                visitSubquery(ctx, rhsSelect, false, true);
+                visitSubquery(ctx, rhsSelect, false, false, true);
 
             if (!not)
                 ctx.sql(')');
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ final class RowIsDistinctFrom extends AbstractCondition implements UNotYetImplem
             if (rhsRow != null)
                 ctx.visit(rhsRow);
             else
-                visitSubquery(ctx, rhsSelect, false, true);
+                visitSubquery(ctx, rhsSelect, false, false, true);
         }
 
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowSubqueryCondition.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowSubqueryCondition.java
index 749b3066b5..f2daaf7c8b 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowSubqueryCondition.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/RowSubqueryCondition.java
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ final class RowSubqueryCondition extends AbstractCondition implements UNotYetImp
                         boolean extraParentheses = false ;
 
                         ctx.sql(extraParentheses ? "((" : "(")
-                           .data(BooleanDataKey.DATA_ROW_VALUE_EXPRESSION_PREDICATE_SUBQUERY, true, c -> visitSubquery(c, right, false, true, false))
+                           .data(BooleanDataKey.DATA_ROW_VALUE_EXPRESSION_PREDICATE_SUBQUERY, true, c -> visitSubquery(c, right, false, false, true, false))
                            .sql(extraParentheses ? "))" : ")");
                     }
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ScalarSubquery.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ScalarSubquery.java
index b354057a7f..69f6da85a1 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ScalarSubquery.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/ScalarSubquery.java
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ final class ScalarSubquery<T> extends AbstractField<T> implements QOM.ScalarSubq
         // HSQLDB allows for using WITH inside of IN, see: https://sourceforge.net/p/hsqldb/bugs/1617/
         // We'll still emulate CTE in scalar subqueries with a derived tables in all cases.
         if (q != null && q.with != null && NO_SUPPORT_WITH_IN_SCALAR_SUBQUERY.contains(ctx.dialect()))
-            visitSubquery(ctx, select(asterisk()).from(query.asTable("t")), false, predicandSubquery);
+            visitSubquery(ctx, select(asterisk()).from(query.asTable("t")), false, false, predicandSubquery);
         else
-            visitSubquery(ctx, query, false, predicandSubquery);
+            visitSubquery(ctx, query, false, false, predicandSubquery);
     }
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNotNull.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNotNull.java
index 7db83bed38..e1028034b8 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNotNull.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNotNull.java
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ final class SelectIsNotNull extends AbstractCondition implements QOM.SelectIsNot
     }
 
     private final void acceptStandard(Context<?> ctx) {
-        visitSubquery(ctx, select, false, true);
+        visitSubquery(ctx, select, false, false, true);
 
         switch (ctx.family()) {
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNull.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNull.java
index 030fbae894..ce12d618df 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNull.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SelectIsNull.java
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ final class SelectIsNull extends AbstractCondition implements QOM.SelectIsNull {
     }
 
     private final void acceptStandard(Context<?> ctx) {
-        visitSubquery(ctx, select, false, true);
+        visitSubquery(ctx, select, false, false, true);
 
         switch (ctx.family()) {
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SplitPart.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SplitPart.java
index 81fc2e36b9..bce53b5835 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SplitPart.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/SplitPart.java
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ implements
                     ctx,
                     withRecursive(s1, s2).select(DSL.coalesce(DSL.max(DSL.field(name("x"))), inline(""))).from(s2).where(s2.field("n").eq((Field) n)),
                     true,
+                    false,
                     false
                 );
                 break;
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java
index 99906e7a29..0b4a15fab3 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Tools.java
@@ -2502,15 +2502,17 @@ final class Tools {
         Context<?> ctx,
         QueryPart query,
         boolean derivedTableSubquery,
+        boolean setOperationSubquery,
         boolean predicandSubquery
     ) {
-        visitSubquery(ctx, query, derivedTableSubquery, predicandSubquery, true);
+        visitSubquery(ctx, query, derivedTableSubquery, setOperationSubquery, predicandSubquery, true);
     }
 
     static final void visitSubquery(
         Context<?> ctx,
         QueryPart query,
         boolean derivedTableSubquery,
+        boolean setOperationSubquery,
         boolean predicandSubquery,
         boolean parentheses
     ) {
@@ -2524,15 +2526,18 @@ final class Tools {
 
         boolean previousPredicandSubquery = ctx.predicandSubquery();
         boolean previousDerivedTableSubquery = ctx.derivedTableSubquery();
+        boolean previousSetOperationSubquery = ctx.setOperationSubquery();
 
         ctx.subquery(true)
            .predicandSubquery(predicandSubquery)
            .derivedTableSubquery(derivedTableSubquery)
+           .setOperationSubquery(setOperationSubquery)
            .formatIndentStart()
            .formatNewLine()
            .visit(query)
            .formatIndentEnd()
            .formatNewLine()
+           .setOperationSubquery(previousSetOperationSubquery)
            .derivedTableSubquery(previousDerivedTableSubquery)
            .predicandSubquery(previousPredicandSubquery)
            .subquery(false);
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Unique.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Unique.java
index c5350ab524..05c6e25e66 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Unique.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Unique.java
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ implements
 
             case H2:
                 ctx.visit(K_UNIQUE).sql(' ');
-                visitSubquery(ctx, query, false, true);
+                visitSubquery(ctx, query, false, false, true);
                 break;
 
             default:
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/UpdateQueryImpl.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/UpdateQueryImpl.java
index 659caceb92..42ddb91d00 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/UpdateQueryImpl.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/UpdateQueryImpl.java
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ final class UpdateQueryImpl<R extends Record> extends AbstractStoreQuery<R> impl
                     else
                         select = multiSelect;
 
-                    visitSubquery(ctx, select, false, false);
+                    visitSubquery(ctx, select, false, false, false);
                 }
 
                 ctx.formatIndentEnd().end(UPDATE_SET_ASSIGNMENT);
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Values.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Values.java
index f1da915968..41f889a555 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Values.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/Values.java
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ final class Values<R extends Record> extends AbstractTable<R> implements QOM.Val
                     selects = selects.unionAll(select);
             }
 
-            visitSubquery(ctx, selects, true, false, false);
+            visitSubquery(ctx, selects, true, false, false, false);
         }
 
 
diff --git a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/XMLTable.java b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/XMLTable.java
index f2a250f837..53f5fe0abf 100644
--- a/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/XMLTable.java
+++ b/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/impl/XMLTable.java
@@ -263,6 +263,7 @@ implements
 
 
 
+
 
 
     private final void acceptStandard(Context<?> ctx) {