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Added some sections to the manual

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Enhanced some styles
This commit is contained in:
Lukas Eder 2011-09-21 20:17:40 +00:00
parent 32feb254dc
commit 0379d92c5e
49 changed files with 723 additions and 108 deletions
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3
jOOQ-website/contribute.php
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@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ function getSlogan() {
motivated staff, providing new database integrations, website translations, and shouting out to
the world about jOOQ. You have a blog? Write about jOOQ in your language!";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "contribute";
}
function printContent() {
?>
<h2>The hall of fame</h2>

59
jOOQ-website/css/jooq.css
View File

@ -67,8 +67,19 @@ p.slogan {
padding-left: 2em;
color: #444;
font-family: 'Georgia',Serif;
font-style: italic;
height: 2.5em;
height: 3em;
background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #ffffff;
border-radius: 10px 10px 10px 10px;
border-width: 2px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: #882222;
box-shadow: 5px 5px 20px #aa6633;
color: #000000;
display: block;
line-height: 1.5em;
margin: 1.5em 0;
padding: 1em;
}
td.left {
@ -139,10 +150,15 @@ a:hover {
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left, right, from(#f6cab9), to(#ffeedd));
background: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #f6cab9, #ffeedd);
background: gradient(linear, left, right, from(#f6cab9), to(#ffeedd));
-webkit-box-shadow: inset rgba(0,0,0,.1) 0 5px 5px;
-moz-box-shadow: inset rgba(0,0,0,.1) 0 5px 5px;
box-shadow: inset rgba(0,0,0,.1) 0 5px 5px;
border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}
#navigation {
padding-top: 1.3em;
padding-top: 20px;
padding-left: 3em;
padding-right: 3em;
@ -153,14 +169,37 @@ a:hover {
background: gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#555), to(#333));
}
#tweets {
display: none;
padding-top: 1.3em;
padding-left: 3em;
padding-right: 3em;
height: 40px;
background: #444;
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#555), to(#333));
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #555, #333);
background: gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#555), to(#333));
}
#navigation a,
#navigation a:link,
#navigation a:visited,
#navigation a:hover,
#navigation a:active {
color: #fadccb;
color: #aaa;
text-shadow: #000 -1px -1px 0px;
text-decoration: none;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #666666;
font-size: 15px;
}
#navigation .navigation-item-active a,
#navigation .navigation-item-active a:link,
#navigation .navigation-item-active a:visited,
#navigation .navigation-item-active a:hover,
#navigation .navigation-item-active a:active {
color: #fadccb;
}
#navigation a:hover {
@ -169,11 +208,12 @@ a:hover {
div.navigation-item-left {
float: left;
padding-right: 2em;
margin-right: 2em;
height: 40px;
}
#tweets {
height: 40px;
div.navigation-item-active {
background: url("../img/navigation-item-active.png") no-repeat center bottom;
}
#footer {
@ -193,7 +233,8 @@ div.navigation-item-left {
-moz-box-shadow: inset rgba(0,0,0,.1) 0 5px 5px;
box-shadow: inset rgba(0,0,0,.1) 0 5px 5px;
border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);
text-shadow: #555 -1px -1px 0px;}
text-shadow: #555 -1px -1px 0px;
}
div.tweet-item-left {
float: left;

60
jOOQ-website/frame.php
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@ -14,55 +14,59 @@
<div id="wrapper">
<div class="block">
<div id="navigation">
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<?php
$menu = getActiveMenu();
?>
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'home') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="<?=$root?>/" title="jOOQ Home Page">Home</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'download') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/jooq/files/" title="jOOQ Download">Download</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'manual') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual" title="jOOQ User Manual">Manual</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'javadoc') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="<?=$root?>/javadoc/latest/" title="jOOQ Main Javadoc">Javadoc</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'notes') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="<?=$root?>/notes.php" title="jOOQ Release Notes">Release Notes</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'roadmap') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="https://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/jooq/report/6" title="jOOQ Roadmap">Roadmap</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'contribute') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="<?=$root?>/contribute.php" title="Contribute to jOOQ">Contribute</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'donations') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="https://sourceforge.net/project/project_donations.php?group_id=283484" title="Donate to jOOQ, if you like it!">Donate</a>
</div>
<div class="navigation-item-left">
<div class="navigation-item-left <?php if ($menu == 'links') print 'navigation-item-active'?>">
<a href="<?=$root?>/links.php" title="Interesting links for jOOQ users">Links</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="tweets">
<div class="tweet-item-left">
<a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="jOOQ - A nice database abstraction library for Java" data-count="horizontal" data-via="lukaseder">Tweet</a><script type="text/javascript" src="http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>
</div>
<div class="tweet-item-left">
<g:plusone size="medium"></g:plusone>
</div>
<div class="tweet-item-left">
<div id="fb-root"></div>
<script>(function(d, s, id) {
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;}
js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#appId=232666253447462&xfbml=1";
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
<div class="fb-like" data-send="false" data-layout="button_count" data-width="450" data-show-faces="true" data-font="verdana"></div>
</div>
<div id="tweets">
<div class="tweet-item-left">
<a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="jOOQ - A nice database abstraction library for Java" data-count="horizontal" data-via="lukaseder">Tweet</a><script type="text/javascript" src="http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>
</div>
<div class="tweet-item-left">
<g:plusone size="medium"></g:plusone>
</div>
<div class="tweet-item-left">
<div id="fb-root"></div>
<script>(function(d, s, id) {
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;}
js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#appId=232666253447462&xfbml=1";
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
<div class="fb-like" data-send="false" data-layout="button_count" data-width="450" data-show-faces="true" data-font="verdana"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="700" valign="top">

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78
jOOQ-website/index.php
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@ -9,49 +9,37 @@ function getSlogan() {
SQL was never meant to be object-oriented. SQL was never meant to be
anything other than... SQL!";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "home";
}
function printContent() {
?>
<h2>What does jOOQ code look like?</h2>
<p>It's simple. With the jOOQ DSL, SQL looks almost as if it were
natively supported by Java.</p>
natively supported by Java. For instance, get all books published in 2011, ordered by title</p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="left"><p>A simple SQL statement</p></td>
<td width="50%" class="right"><p>...and its equivalent in jOOQ</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="left"><pre class="prettyprint lang-sql">
-- get all books published in 2011, ordered by title
SELECT *
FROM BOOK
SELECT * FROM BOOK
WHERE PUBLISHED_IN = 2011
ORDER BY TITLE</pre></td>
<td width="50%" class="right"><pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
Result&lt;Book&gt; books =
create.selectFrom(BOOK)
.where(PUBLISHED_IN.equal(2011))
.orderBy(TITLE)
.fetch();
</pre></td>
.orderBy(TITLE)</pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>jOOQ also supports more complex SQL statements. get all authors'
first and last names, and the number of books they've written in
German, if they have written more than five books in German in the last
three years (from 2011), and sort those authors by last names limiting
results to the second and third row, then lock first and last names
columns for update</p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="left"><p>jOOQ also supports more complex SQL statements</p></td>
<td width="50%" class="right"><p>...and their equivalent in jOOQ</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="left"><pre class="prettyprint lang-sql">
-- get all authors' first and last names, and the number
-- of books they've written in German, if they have written
-- more than five books in German in the last three years
-- (from 2011), and sort those authors by last names
-- limiting results to the second and third row, then lock
-- first and last names columns for update
SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, COUNT(*)
FROM AUTHOR
JOIN BOOK ON AUTHOR.ID = BOOK.AUTHOR_ID
@ -65,12 +53,6 @@ ORDER BY LAST_NAME ASC NULLS FIRST
FOR UPDATE
OF FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME</pre></td>
<td width="50%" class="right"><pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
Result&lt;Record&gt; result =
create.select(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, create.count())
.from(AUTHOR)
.join(BOOK).on(Author.ID.equal(Book.AUTHOR_ID))
@ -82,36 +64,20 @@ create.select(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, create.count())
.limit(2)
.offset(1)
.forUpdate()
.of(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME)
.fetch();</pre></td>
.of(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME)</pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>What's jOOQ</h2>
<h2>What is jOOQ?</h2>
<p>jOOQ stands for Java Object Oriented Querying. It combines these essential features:</p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="left"><h3>Code Generation:</h3></td>
<td width="50%" class="right"><p>jOOQ generates a simple Java representation of your database schema. Every table, view, stored procedure, enum, UDT is a class.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><h3>Active records:</h3></td>
<td class="right"><p>jOOQ implements an easy-to-use active record pattern. It is NOT an OR-mapper, but provides a 1:1 mapping between tables/views and classes. Between columns and members.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><h3>Typesafe SQL:</h3></td>
<td class="right"><p>jOOQ allows for writing compile-time typesafe querying using its built-in fluent API.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><h3>SQL standard:</h3></td>
<td class="right"><p>jOOQ supports all standard SQL language features including the more complex UNION's, nested SELECTs, joins, aliasing</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><h3>Vendor-specific feature support:</h3></td>
<td class="right"><p>jOOQ encourages the use of vendor-specific extensions such as stored procedures, UDT's and ARRAY's, recursive queries, and many more.</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li>Code Generation: jOOQ generates a simple Java representation of your database schema. Every table, view, stored procedure, enum, UDT is a class.</li>
<li>Active records: jOOQ implements an easy-to-use active record pattern. It is NOT an OR-mapper, but provides a 1:1 mapping between tables/views and classes. Between columns and members.</li>
<li>Typesafe SQL: jOOQ allows for writing compile-time typesafe querying using its built-in fluent API.</li>
<li>SQL standard: jOOQ supports all standard SQL language features including the more complex UNION's, nested SELECTs, joins, aliasing</li>
<li>Vendor-specific feature support: jOOQ encourages the use of vendor-specific extensions such as stored procedures, UDT's and ARRAY's, recursive queries, and many more.</li>
</ul>
<h2>How does jOOQ help you?</h2>
<ul>

3
jOOQ-website/links.php
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@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ function getSlogan() {
Here you will find further resources related to jOOQ, to similar products and
other inspiration related to jOOQ";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "links";
}
function printContent() {
global $root;
?>

3
jOOQ-website/manual/ADVANCED/CONNECTBY/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "The Oracle CONNECT BY clause for hierarchical queries";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/ADVANCED/Export/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Exporting data to XML, CSV, JSON, HTML, Text";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/ADVANCED/Import/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Importing data from XML, CSV";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/ADVANCED/MasterData/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Master data generation";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/ADVANCED/OracleHints/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Adding Oracle hints to queries";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/ADVANCED/SchemaMapping/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Mapping generated schemata and tables to productive environments";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/ADVANCED/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Advanced topics";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/ALIAS/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Aliased tables and fields";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Aliasing is at the core of SQL and relational algebra. When you join

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/ARITHMETIC/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Arithmetic operations";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/CASE/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "The CASE clause";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/CAST/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Type casting";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/CONDITION/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Conditions";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
The creation of conditions is the part of any database abstraction that

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/EXISTS/index.php
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@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Nested SELECT using the EXISTS operator";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "The EXISTS operator is a bit different from all other SQL
elements, as it cannot really be applied to any object in a DSL.

122
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/index.php
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@ -4,21 +4,133 @@
// Please do not edit this content manually
require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions";
print "Functions and aggregate operators";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
return "
Highly effective SQL cannot do without functions. Operations on
VARCHAR, DATE, and NUMERIC types in GROUP BY or ORDER BY clauses allow
for very elegant queries.
";
}
function printContent() {
global $root;
?>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/">Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/" title="Previous section: UNION and other set operations">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/" title="Next section: Stored procedures and functions">next</a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/">Functions and aggregate operators</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/" title="Previous section: UNION and other set operations">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/" title="Next section: Stored procedures and functions">next</a></td>
</tr>
</table><br><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
</table>
<h2>jOOQ's strategy for supporting vendor-specific functions</h2>
<p>jOOQ allows you to access native functions from your RDBMS. jOOQ
follows two strategies: </p>
<ul>
<li>Implement all SQL-92, SQL:1999, SQL:2003, and SQL:2008 standard
functions, aggregate operators, and window functions. Standard
functions could be
<a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/sqlnut/chapter/ch04.html" title="O'Reilly listing of SQL-92 standard functions and deviations thereof">these functions as listed by O'Reilly</a>. </li>
<li>Take the most useful of vendor-specific functions and simulate
them for other RDBMS, where they may not be supported. An example for
this are
<a href="http://psoug.org/reference/analytic_functions.html" title="An example listing of Oracle Analytic Functions">Oracle Analytic Functions</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Functions </h2>
<p>These are just a few functions in the Field interface, so you get the idea: </p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length);
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(int length);
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length, Field&lt;String&gt; c);
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(int length, char c);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(int length);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length, Field&lt;String&gt; c);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(int length, char c);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(Field&lt;String&gt; search);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(String search);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(Field&lt;String&gt; search, Field&lt;String&gt; replace);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(String search, String replace);
Field&lt;Integer&gt; position(String search);
Field&lt;Integer&gt; position(Field&lt;String&gt; search);</pre>
<h2>Aggregate operators</h2>
<p>Aggregate operators work just like functions, even if they have a
slightly different semantics. Some of them are also placed in the
Field interface. Others in the Factory. Here are some examples from
Field: </p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
Field&lt;Integer&gt; count();
Field&lt;Integer&gt; countDistinct();
Field&lt;T&gt; max();
Field&lt;T&gt; min();
Field&lt;BigDecimal&gt; sum();
Field&lt;BigDecimal&gt; avg();</pre>
<p>A typical example of how to use an aggregate operator is when
generating the next key on insertion of an ID. When you want to
achieve something like this </p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/">Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/" title="Previous section: UNION and other set operations">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/" title="Next section: Stored procedures and functions">next</a></td>
<td width="50%" class="left">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-sql">
SELECT MAX(ID) + 1 AS next_id
FROM T_AUTHOR</pre>
</td><td width="50%" class="right">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
create.select(ID.max().add(1).as("next_id"))
.from(T_AUTHOR);</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>See also the section about
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/ARITHMETIC/" title="jOOQ Manual reference: Arithmetic operations">Arithmetic operations</a>
</p>
<h2>Window functions</h2>
<p>Most major RDBMS support the concept of window functions. jOOQ knows
of implementations in DB2, Oracle, Postgres, SQL Server, and Sybase
SQL Anywhere,
and supports most of their specific syntaxes. Window functions can be
used for things like calculating a "running total". The following example
fetches transactions and the running total for every transaction going
back to the beginning of the transaction table (ordered by booked_at)
</p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="left">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-sql">
SELECT booked_at, amount,
SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY 1
ORDER BY booked_at
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
AND CURRENT ROW) AS total
FROM transactions</pre>
</td><td width="50%" class="right">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
create.select(BOOKED_AT, AMOUNT,
AMOUNT.sumOver().partitionByOne()
.orderBy(BOOKED_AT)
.rowsBetweenUnboundedPreceding()
.andCurrentRow().as("total")
.from(TRANSACTIONS);</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/">Functions and aggregate operators</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/" title="Previous section: UNION and other set operations">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/" title="Next section: Stored procedures and functions">next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<?php

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/IN/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Nested SELECT using the IN operator";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Set equal operations are very common when you want to select multiple

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/NESTED/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Other types of nested SELECT";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "Apart from the most common IN and EXISTS clauses that encourage
the use of nested selects, SQL knows a few more syntaxes to make use

7
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Stored procedures and functions";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}
@ -14,11 +17,11 @@ function printContent() {
?>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/">Stored procedures and functions</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Previous section: Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/ARITHMETIC/" title="Next section: Arithmetic operations">next</a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/">Stored procedures and functions</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Previous section: Functions and aggregate operators">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/ARITHMETIC/" title="Next section: Arithmetic operations">next</a></td>
</tr>
</table><br><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/">Stored procedures and functions</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Previous section: Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/ARITHMETIC/" title="Next section: Arithmetic operations">next</a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/">Stored procedures and functions</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Previous section: Functions and aggregate operators">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/ARITHMETIC/" title="Next section: Arithmetic operations">next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<?php

5
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/SELECT/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Complete SELECT syntax";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
A SELECT statement is more than just the R in CRUD. It allows for
@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ create.select(TAuthor.FIRST_NAME, TAuthor.LAST_NAME, create.count());</pre>
<p>
jOOQ will return an "intermediary" type to you, representing the
SELECT statement about to be created (by the way, check out the
section on <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="jOOQ Manual reference: Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions">aggregate operators</a>
section on <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="jOOQ Manual reference: Functions and aggregate operators">aggregate operators</a>
to learn more about the COUNT(*)
function). This type is the
<a href="https://github.com/lukaseder/jOOQ/blob/master/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/SelectFromStep.java" title="Internal API reference: org.jooq.SelectFromStep">org.jooq.SelectFromStep</a>.

3
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/SQL/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "When it's just much easier: Plain SQL";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
}

150
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/UNION/index.php
View File

@ -6,19 +6,161 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "UNION and other set operations";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "";
return "Unions, differences and intersections are vital set operations taken from set theory.";
}
function printContent() {
global $root;
?>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/">UNION and other set operations</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/NESTED/" title="Previous section: Other types of nested SELECT">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Next section: Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions">next</a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/">UNION and other set operations</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/NESTED/" title="Previous section: Other types of nested SELECT">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Next section: Functions and aggregate operators">next</a></td>
</tr>
</table><br><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
</table>
<h2>jOOQ's set operation API</h2>
<p>The
<a href="https://github.com/lukaseder/jOOQ/blob/master/jOOQ/src/main/java/org/jooq/Select.java" title="Internal API reference: org.jooq.Select">org.jooq.Select</a> API directly supports the UNION
syntax for all types of Select as discussed in the manual's section about
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/JOOQ/Query/" title="jOOQ Manual reference: The Query and its various subtypes">Queries and Query subtypes</a>.
It consists of these methods: </p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
public interface Select&lt;R extends Record&gt; {
Select&lt;R&gt; union(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
Select&lt;R&gt; unionAll(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
Select&lt;R&gt; except(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
Select&lt;R&gt; intersect(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
}</pre>
<p>Hence, this is how you can write a simple UNION with jOOQ:</p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/">UNION and other set operations</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/NESTED/" title="Previous section: Other types of nested SELECT">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Next section: Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions">next</a></td>
<td width="50%" class="left">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-sql">
SELECT TITLE
FROM T_BOOK
WHERE PUBLISHED_IN &gt; 1945
UNION
SELECT TITLE
FROM T_BOOK
WHERE AUTHOR_ID = 1</pre>
</td><td width="50%" class="right">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
create.select(TBook.TITLE)
.from(T_BOOK)
.where(TBook.PUBLISHED_IN.greaterThan(1945))
.union(
create.select(TBook.TITLE)
.from(T_BOOK)
.where(TBook.AUTHOR_ID.equal(1)));</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>Nested UNIONs</h2>
<p>In some SQL dialects, you can arbitrarily nest UNIONs to several
levels. Be aware, though, that SQLite, Derby and MySQL have serious
syntax limitations. jOOQ tries to render correct UNION SQL statements,
but unfortunately, you can create situations that will cause syntax
errors in the aforementioned dialects. </p>
<p>An example of advanced UNION usage is the following statement in jOOQ: </p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
// Create a UNION of several types of books
Select&lt;?&gt; union =
create.select(TBook.TITLE, TBook.AUTHOR_ID).from(T_BOOK).where(TBook.PUBLISHED_IN.greaterThan(1945)).union(
create.select(TBook.TITLE, TBook.AUTHOR_ID).from(T_BOOK).where(TBook.AUTHOR_ID.equal(1)));
// Now, re-use the above UNION and order it by author
create.select(union.getField(TBook.TITLE))
.from(union)
.orderBy(union.getField(TBook.AUTHOR_ID).descending());</pre>
<p>This example does not seem surprising, when you have read the
previous chapters about
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/NESTED/" title="jOOQ Manual reference: Other types of nested SELECT">nested SELECT statements</a>.
But when you check
out the rendered SQL: </p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-sql">
-- alias_38173 is an example of a generated alias,
-- generated by jOOQ for union queries
SELECT alias_38173.TITLE FROM (
SELECT T_BOOK.TITLE, T_BOOK.AUTHOR_ID FROM T_BOOK WHERE T_BOOK.PUBLISHED_IN &gt; 1945
UNION
SELECT T_BOOK.TITLE, T_BOOK.AUTHOR_ID FROM T_BOOK WHERE T_BOOK.AUTHOR_ID = 1
) alias_38173
ORDER BY alias_38173.AUTHOR_ID DESC</pre>
<p>You can see that jOOQ takes care of many syntax pitfalls, when
you're not used to the various dialects' unique requirements. The
above automatic aliasing was added in order to be compliant with
MySQL's requirements about aliasing nested selects. </p>
<h2>Several UNIONs</h2>
<p>It is no problem either for you to create SQL statements with several unions. Just write: </p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
Select&lt;?&gt; part1;
Select&lt;?&gt; part2;
Select&lt;?&gt; part3;
Select&lt;?&gt; part4;
// [...]
part1.union(part2).union(part3).union(part4);</pre>
<h2>UNION and the ORDER BY clause</h2>
<p>
Strictly speaking, in SQL, you cannot order a subselect that is part
of a UNION operation. You can only order the whole set. In set theory,
or relational algebra, it wouldn't make sense to order subselects
anyway, as a set operation cannot guarantee order correctness. Often,
you still want to do it, because you apply a LIMIT to every subselect.
Let's say, you want to find the employees with the highest salary in
every department in Postgres syntax:
</p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="left">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-sql">
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dept = 'IT'
ORDER BY salary LIMIT 1
) UNION (
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dept = 'Marketing'
ORDER BY salary LIMIT 1
) UNION (
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dept = 'R&amp;D'
ORDER BY salary LIMIT 1
)</pre>
</td><td width="50%" class="right">
<pre class="prettyprint lang-java">
create.selectFrom(EMP).where(DEPT.equal("IT"))
.orderBy(SALARY).limit(1)
.union(
create.selectFrom(EMP).where(DEPT.equal("Marketing"))
.orderBy(SALARY).limit(1))
.union(
create.selectFrom(EMP).where(DEPT.equal("R&amp;D")
.orderBy(SALARY).limit(1)))
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>There is a subtle difference between the above two queries.
In SQL, every UNION subselect is in fact a
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/NESTED/" title="jOOQ Manual reference: Other types of nested SELECT">nested SELECT</a>, wrapped in parentheses.
In this example, the notion of "nested SELECT" and "subselect" are slightly
different.</p>
<br><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/">The jOOQ User Manual</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/">DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/">UNION and other set operations</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/NESTED/" title="Previous section: Other types of nested SELECT">previous</a> : <a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Next section: Functions and aggregate operators">next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<?php

5
jOOQ-website/manual/DSL/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "DSL or fluent API. Where SQL meets Java";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
";
@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ create.select()
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/" title="UNION and other set operations">UNION and other set operations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions">Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions</a>
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Functions and aggregate operators">Functions and aggregate operators</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/" title="Stored procedures and functions">Stored procedures and functions</a>

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/ExampleDatabase/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "The example database";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
For the examples in this manual, the same database will always be

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/Extend/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Extend jOOQ with custom types";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "Maybe jOOQ is missing functionality that you would like to see,
or you can't wait for the next release... In this case, you can extend

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/Factory/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "The Factory class";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
jOOQ hides most implementation facts from you by letting you

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/Query/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "The Query and its various subtypes";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
The Query type hierarchy is what you use to execute queries. It has the

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/QueryPart/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "QueryParts and the global architecture";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "When constructing Query objects in jOOQ, everything is
considered a QueryPart. The purpose of this quickly becomes clear when

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/Result/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Results and Records";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Results and their Records come into play, when SELECT statements are

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/ResultQuery/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "ResultQuery and various ways of fetching data";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Various jOOQ query type extend the ResultQuery which provides many means of

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/Serializability/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Serializability of QueryParts and Results";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "Most of the jOOQ API implements the Serializable interface.
This helps storing queries and partial queries in files, transferring

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/Table/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Tables and Fields";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Tables and their Fields are probably the most important objects in

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/UpdatableRecord/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Updatable Records";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
UpdatableRecords are a specific subtype of TableRecord that have

3
jOOQ-website/manual/JOOQ/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "jOOQ classes and their usage";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
In these sections, you will learn about how to use jOOQ object

3
jOOQ-website/manual/META/Configuration/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Configuration and setup of the generator";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "jOOQ uses a simple configuration file to configure source code generation.";
}

3
jOOQ-website/manual/META/PROCEDURE/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Procedures and packages";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Procedure support is one of the most important reasons why you should consider

3
jOOQ-website/manual/META/SCHEMA/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "The schema, top-level generated artefact";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "The schema is the top-level generated object in jOOQ. In many
RDBMS, the schema coincides with the owner of tables and other objects

3
jOOQ-website/manual/META/SEQUENCE/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Sequences";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
jOOQ also generates convenience artefacts for sequences, where this is

3
jOOQ-website/manual/META/TABLE/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Tables, views and their corresponding records";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
The most important generated artefacts are Tables and TableRecords.

3
jOOQ-website/manual/META/UDT/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "UDT's including ARRAY and ENUM types";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Databases become more powerful when you can structure your data in user

3
jOOQ-website/manual/META/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "Meta model code generation";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "In these sections you will learn about how to configure and use
jOOQ's source code generator";

5
jOOQ-website/manual/index.php
View File

@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ require '../frame.php';
function printH1() {
print "The jOOQ User Manual";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "
Learn about jOOQ using its single or multi-paged manuals
@ -163,7 +166,7 @@ function printContent() {
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/UNION/" title="UNION and other set operations">UNION and other set operations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions">Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions</a>
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/FUNCTIONS/" title="Functions and aggregate operators">Functions and aggregate operators</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="<?=$root?>/manual/DSL/PROCEDURES/" title="Stored procedures and functions">Stored procedures and functions</a>

3
jOOQ-website/notes.php
View File

@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ function getSlogan() {
in the beginning, jOOQ was no more than type-safe querying for simple statements. See how
jOOQ is growing to support almost all SQL constructs by 12 different RDBMS";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "notes";
}
function printContent() {
$contents = file('inc/RELEASENOTES.txt');

3
jOOQ-website/src/main/resources/html-pages.xsl
View File

@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ function printH1() {
<xsl:value-of select="//section[@id = $sectionID]/title"/>
<xsl:text disable-output-escaping="yes">";
}
function getActiveMenu() {
return "manual";
}
function getSlogan() {
return "</xsl:text>
<xsl:value-of select="//section[@id = $sectionID]/slogan"/>

226
jOOQ-website/src/main/resources/manual.xml
View File

@ -2687,11 +2687,235 @@ create.select(TAuthor.ID, books)
<section id="UNION">
<title>UNION and other set operations</title>
<slogan>Unions, differences and intersections are vital set operations taken from set theory.</slogan>
<content>
<h2>jOOQ's set operation API</h2>
<p>The
<reference class="org.jooq.Select"/> API directly supports the UNION
syntax for all types of Select as discussed in the manual's section about
<reference id="Query" title="Queries and Query subtypes"/>.
It consists of these methods: </p>
<java>
public interface Select&lt;R extends Record&gt; {
Select&lt;R&gt; union(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
Select&lt;R&gt; unionAll(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
Select&lt;R&gt; except(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
Select&lt;R&gt; intersect(Select&lt;R&gt; select);
}</java>
<p>Hence, this is how you can write a simple UNION with jOOQ:</p>
<code-pair>
<sql>
SELECT TITLE
FROM T_BOOK
WHERE PUBLISHED_IN &gt; 1945
UNION
SELECT TITLE
FROM T_BOOK
WHERE AUTHOR_ID = 1</sql>
<java>
create.select(TBook.TITLE)
.from(T_BOOK)
.where(TBook.PUBLISHED_IN.greaterThan(1945))
.union(
create.select(TBook.TITLE)
.from(T_BOOK)
.where(TBook.AUTHOR_ID.equal(1)));</java>
</code-pair>
<h2>Nested UNIONs</h2>
<p>In some SQL dialects, you can arbitrarily nest UNIONs to several
levels. Be aware, though, that SQLite, Derby and MySQL have serious
syntax limitations. jOOQ tries to render correct UNION SQL statements,
but unfortunately, you can create situations that will cause syntax
errors in the aforementioned dialects. </p>
<p>An example of advanced UNION usage is the following statement in jOOQ: </p>
<java>
// Create a UNION of several types of books
Select&lt;?&gt; union =
create.select(TBook.TITLE, TBook.AUTHOR_ID).from(T_BOOK).where(TBook.PUBLISHED_IN.greaterThan(1945)).union(
create.select(TBook.TITLE, TBook.AUTHOR_ID).from(T_BOOK).where(TBook.AUTHOR_ID.equal(1)));
// Now, re-use the above UNION and order it by author
create.select(union.getField(TBook.TITLE))
.from(union)
.orderBy(union.getField(TBook.AUTHOR_ID).descending());</java>
<p>This example does not seem surprising, when you have read the
previous chapters about
<reference id="NESTED" title="nested SELECT statements"/>.
But when you check
out the rendered SQL: </p>
<sql>
-- alias_38173 is an example of a generated alias,
-- generated by jOOQ for union queries
SELECT alias_38173.TITLE FROM (
SELECT T_BOOK.TITLE, T_BOOK.AUTHOR_ID FROM T_BOOK WHERE T_BOOK.PUBLISHED_IN > 1945
UNION
SELECT T_BOOK.TITLE, T_BOOK.AUTHOR_ID FROM T_BOOK WHERE T_BOOK.AUTHOR_ID = 1
) alias_38173
ORDER BY alias_38173.AUTHOR_ID DESC</sql>
<p>You can see that jOOQ takes care of many syntax pitfalls, when
you're not used to the various dialects' unique requirements. The
above automatic aliasing was added in order to be compliant with
MySQL's requirements about aliasing nested selects. </p>
<h2>Several UNIONs</h2>
<p>It is no problem either for you to create SQL statements with several unions. Just write: </p>
<java>
Select&lt;?&gt; part1;
Select&lt;?&gt; part2;
Select&lt;?&gt; part3;
Select&lt;?&gt; part4;
// [...]
part1.union(part2).union(part3).union(part4);</java>
<h2>UNION and the ORDER BY clause</h2>
<p>
Strictly speaking, in SQL, you cannot order a subselect that is part
of a UNION operation. You can only order the whole set. In set theory,
or relational algebra, it wouldn't make sense to order subselects
anyway, as a set operation cannot guarantee order correctness. Often,
you still want to do it, because you apply a LIMIT to every subselect.
Let's say, you want to find the employees with the highest salary in
every department in Postgres syntax:
</p>
<code-pair>
<sql>
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dept = 'IT'
ORDER BY salary LIMIT 1
) UNION (
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dept = 'Marketing'
ORDER BY salary LIMIT 1
) UNION (
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dept = 'R&amp;D'
ORDER BY salary LIMIT 1
)</sql><java>
create.selectFrom(EMP).where(DEPT.equal("IT"))
.orderBy(SALARY).limit(1)
.union(
create.selectFrom(EMP).where(DEPT.equal("Marketing"))
.orderBy(SALARY).limit(1))
.union(
create.selectFrom(EMP).where(DEPT.equal("R&amp;D")
.orderBy(SALARY).limit(1)))
</java>
</code-pair>
<p>There is a subtle difference between the above two queries.
In SQL, every UNION subselect is in fact a
<reference id="NESTED" title="nested SELECT"/>, wrapped in parentheses.
In this example, the notion of "nested SELECT" and "subselect" are slightly
different.</p>
</content>
</section>
<section id="FUNCTIONS">
<title>Functions, aggregate operators, and window functions</title>
<title>Functions and aggregate operators</title>
<slogan>
Highly effective SQL cannot do without functions. Operations on
VARCHAR, DATE, and NUMERIC types in GROUP BY or ORDER BY clauses allow
for very elegant queries.
</slogan>
<content>
<h2>jOOQ's strategy for supporting vendor-specific functions</h2>
<p>jOOQ allows you to access native functions from your RDBMS. jOOQ
follows two strategies: </p>
<ul>
<li>Implement all SQL-92, SQL:1999, SQL:2003, and SQL:2008 standard
functions, aggregate operators, and window functions. Standard
functions could be
<a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/sqlnut/chapter/ch04.html" title="O'Reilly listing of SQL-92 standard functions and deviations thereof">these functions as listed by O'Reilly</a>. </li>
<li>Take the most useful of vendor-specific functions and simulate
them for other RDBMS, where they may not be supported. An example for
this are
<a href="http://psoug.org/reference/analytic_functions.html" title="An example listing of Oracle Analytic Functions">Oracle Analytic Functions</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Functions </h2>
<p>These are just a few functions in the Field interface, so you get the idea: </p>
<java>
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length);
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(int length);
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length, Field&lt;String&gt; c);
Field&lt;String&gt; rpad(int length, char c);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(int length);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(Field&lt;? extends Number&gt; length, Field&lt;String&gt; c);
Field&lt;String&gt; lpad(int length, char c);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(Field&lt;String&gt; search);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(String search);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(Field&lt;String&gt; search, Field&lt;String&gt; replace);
Field&lt;String&gt; replace(String search, String replace);
Field&lt;Integer&gt; position(String search);
Field&lt;Integer&gt; position(Field&lt;String&gt; search);</java>
<h2>Aggregate operators</h2>
<p>Aggregate operators work just like functions, even if they have a
slightly different semantics. Some of them are also placed in the
Field interface. Others in the Factory. Here are some examples from
Field: </p>
<java>
Field&lt;Integer&gt; count();
Field&lt;Integer&gt; countDistinct();
Field&lt;T&gt; max();
Field&lt;T&gt; min();
Field&lt;BigDecimal&gt; sum();
Field&lt;BigDecimal&gt; avg();</java>
<p>A typical example of how to use an aggregate operator is when
generating the next key on insertion of an ID. When you want to
achieve something like this </p>
<code-pair>
<sql>
SELECT MAX(ID) + 1 AS next_id
FROM T_AUTHOR</sql><java>
create.select(ID.max().add(1).as("next_id"))
.from(T_AUTHOR);</java>
</code-pair>
<p>See also the section about
<reference id="ARITHMETIC" title="Arithmetic operations"/></p>
<h2>Window functions</h2>
<p>Most major RDBMS support the concept of window functions. jOOQ knows
of implementations in DB2, Oracle, Postgres, SQL Server, and Sybase
SQL Anywhere,
and supports most of their specific syntaxes. Window functions can be
used for things like calculating a "running total". The following example
fetches transactions and the running total for every transaction going
back to the beginning of the transaction table (ordered by booked_at)
</p>
<code-pair>
<sql>
SELECT booked_at, amount,
SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY 1
ORDER BY booked_at
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
AND CURRENT ROW) AS total
FROM transactions</sql><java>
create.select(BOOKED_AT, AMOUNT,
AMOUNT.sumOver().partitionByOne()
.orderBy(BOOKED_AT)
.rowsBetweenUnboundedPreceding()
.andCurrentRow().as("total")
.from(TRANSACTIONS);</java>
</code-pair>
</content>
</section>